Dr. David Darrow is transitioning from his role as chief neurosurgery resident to Assistant Professor at the University of Minnesota and is the PI for the E-STAND Clinical trial. Dr. Darrow is interested in functional neurosurgery and the treatment of functional diseases of the central nervous system including epilepsy, movement disorders, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and psychiatric diseases. He is co-PI of the Herman-Darrow Neuromodulation Lab at the University of Minnesota. Through his research, he works directly with biomedical engineers to unify noninvasive and invasive forms of neuromodulation with validated, model-based approaches and control theory. He specializes in clinical trials and the application of novel devices and algorithms to optimize and understand neuromodulation approaches to treating disease. He will review spinal cord stimulation for restoration of function after chronic spinal cord injury with findings from the E-STAND trial as well as the novel personalized optimization method used.